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Analytics | Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinDecember 4, 2023 0

Bivariate normal probability in SAS

A previous article discussed how to compute probabilities for the bivariate standard normal distribution. The standard bivariate normal distribution with correlation ρ is denoted BVN(0,ρ). For any point (x,y), you can use the PROBBNRM function in SAS to compute the probability that the random variables (X,Y) ~ BVN(0,ρ) is observed

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Learn SAS

Jongman JeongNovember 24, 2023 0

SAS Job Execution Web 애플리케이션 훑어보기

이번 글에서는 SAS의 Job Execution에 대해서 알아보려고 합니다. 개념과 접속방법, 실행방법, 편집방법을 예제를 활용해 간단히 알아보겠습니다. 1. Job Execution 소개 SAS Job Execution Web Application은 작업을 생성, 관리 및 실행하는 데 사용되는 웹 기반 클라이언트입니다. Java로 작성된 이 애플리케이션은 서버에서 실행되는 강력한 분석 및 프리젠테이션 프로시저와 함께 데이터에 대한 액세스를

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Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinNovember 15, 2023 0

On resizing an array when an index is out of bounds

Converting a program from one language to another can be a challenge. Even if the languages share many features, there is often syntax that is valid in one language that is not valid in another. Recently, a SAS programmer was converting a program from R to SAS IML. He reached

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Data Visualization | Learn SAS

Rick WicklinNovember 13, 2023 0

Tip: Avoid alphabetical order for a categorical axis in a graph

Howard Wainer, who used to write the "Visual Revelations" column in Chance magazine, often reminded his readers that "we are almost never interested in seeing Alabama first" (2005, Graphic Discovery, p. 72). His comment is a reminder that when we plot data for a large number of categories (states, countries,

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Data Visualization | Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinNovember 8, 2023 0

4 ways to display an inset that contains statistics on a SAS graph

Sometimes it is helpful to display a table of statistics directly on a graph. A simple example is displaying the number of observations and the mean or median on a histogram. In SAS, the term inset is used to describe a table that is displayed on a graph. This article

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Analytics | Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinNovember 6, 2023 0

Standard errors for maximum likelihood estimation

In several previous articles, I've shown how to use SAS to fit models to data by using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). However, I have not previously shown how to obtain standard errors for the estimates. This article combines two previous articles to show how to obtain MLE estimates and the

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Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinNovember 1, 2023 0

The distribution of the sample median for normal data

A previous article shows how to use Monte Carlo simulation to approximate the sampling distribution of the sample mean and sample median. When x ~ N(0,1) are normal data, the sample mean is also normal, and there are simple formulas for the expected value and the standard error of the

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Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinOctober 30, 2023 0

The distribution of the sample median

An elementary course in statistics often includes a discussion of the sampling distribution of a statistic. The canonical example is the sampling distribution of the sample mean. For samples of size n that are drawn from a normally distribution (X ~ N(μ, σ)), the sample mean is normally distributed as

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Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinOctober 25, 2023 0

Quantiles of the generalized birthday problem

A previous article discusses the birthday problem and its generalizations. The classic birthday problem asks, "In a room that contains N people, what is the probability that two or more people share a birthday?" The probability is much higher than you might think. For example, in a room that contains

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Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinOctober 23, 2023 0

The generalized birthday problem

The birthday-matching problem (also called the birthday paradox or simply the birthday problem), is a classic problem in probability. Simply stated, the birthday-matching problem asks, "If there are N people in a room, what is the chance that two of them have the same birthday?" The problem is sometimes called

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Data for Good | Learn SAS

Alexis MallisOctober 16, 2023 0

A stronger world: 3 ways SAS® users can wield data for good

Across a wide variety of industries, SAS users are leaning into the power of data to glean relevant insights and identify new opportunities. Through analytics, they are solving complex problems, discovering practical insights, and making a difference in their fields and communities. How can others join their efforts and use

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Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinOctober 16, 2023 0

On the evaluation of the function exp(x) - 1

Recently I wrote about numerical analysis problem: the accurate computation of log(1+x) when x is close to 0. A naive computation of log(1+x) loses accuracy if you call the LOG function, which is why the SAS language provides the built-in LOG1PX for this computation. In addition, I showed that you

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Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinOctober 11, 2023 0

Approximate functions by using Taylor series and rational functions

SAS supports a special function for the accurate evaluation of log(1+x) when x is near 0. The LOG1PX function is useful because a naive computation of log(1+x) loses accuracy when x is near 0. This article demonstrates two general approximation techniques that are often used in numerical analysis: the Taylor

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Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinOctober 9, 2023 0

Functions for continuous probability distributions in SAS

The documentation for Python's SciPy package provides a table that concisely summarizes functions that are associated with continuous probability distributions. This article provides a similar table for SAS functions. For more information on the CDF, PDF, quantile, and random-variate functions, see "Four essential functions for statistical programmers." SAS functions for

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Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinOctober 4, 2023 0

Use design matrices to analyze subgroups in SAS IML

A previous article shows ways to perform efficient BY-group processing in the SAS IML language. BY-group processing is a SAS-ism for what other languages call group processing or subgroup processing. The main idea is that the data set contains several discrete variables such as sex, race, education level, and so

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Analytics | Learn SAS

Rick WicklinOctober 2, 2023 0

On computing Kendall's tau statistic in SAS

One thing I have learned about rank-based statistics over the years is "Be careful of tied values!" On multiple occasions, I have been asked, "Why doesn't the SAS result for [NAME] statistic agree with my hand calculation?" The answer is sometimes because of the way that tied values are handled.

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Data Visualization | Learn SAS

Cindy WangSeptember 28, 2023 0

Dynamic calculations for xmr control data in SAS® Visual Analytics

SAS' Cindy Wang, inspired by a SAS Support Community post, reveals how to perform dynamic calculations for an xmr control chart.

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Analytics | Learn SAS

Alexis MallisSeptember 18, 2023 0

3 ways upskilling and continuous learning drive long-term career advancement

From solutions engineers and students to analysts and data scientists, SAS® users consistently speak about the value of upskilling and lifelong learning. They say upskilling is vital to success – particularly for those in analytics. Why? Because when it comes to analytics, curiosity is king. Digging deeper and trying new

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Data Visualization | Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinSeptember 18, 2023 0

Use PROC SGPLOT to embed a graph inside another graph

Did you know that you can embed one graph inside another by using PROC SGPLOT in SAS? A typical example is shown to the right. The large graph shows kernel density estimates for the distribution of the Cholesterol variable among male and female patients in a heart study. The small

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Advanced Analytics | Analytics | Learn SAS | Work & Life at SAS

Adriana RojasSeptember 13, 2023 0

Colaboración entre universidades y empresas: intercambio mutuo de conocimiento

No creo que ninguno de los lectores de este post llegue a sorprenderse si les contamos que en SAS estamos al 100% comprometidos con el mundo académico. No obstante, hace casi medio siglo que nuestra compañía nació precisamente en las aulas de una universidad, la de Carolina del Norte. Desde

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SAS Spain | Spanish

Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinSeptember 13, 2023 0

The SG annotation macros in SAS

I don't often use the SG annotation facility in SAS for adding annotations to statistical graphics, but when I do, I enjoy the convenience of the SG annotation macros. I can never remember the details of the SG annotation commands, but I know that the SG annotation macros will create

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Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinSeptember 11, 2023 0

On the performance of BY-group processing in SAS IML

Many SAS procedures support a BY statement that enables you to perform an analysis for each unique value of a BY-group variable. The SAS IML language does not support a BY statement, but you can program a loop that iterates over all BY groups. You can emulate BY-group processing by

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Analytics | Learn SAS

5 claves para crear equipos de analítica más sólidos

Catherine (Cat) Truxillo

Catherine (Cat) TruxilloSeptember 7, 2023 0

5 claves para crear equipos de analítica más sólidos

Debido a la complejidad y cambios en el mercado, las organizaciones de todo el mundo están aprovechando las oportunidades para hacer mejores predicciones, identificar soluciones y dar pasos estratégicos y proactivos, lo que significa que dependen cada vez más de los big data. Sin embargo, en su búsqueda de resistencia

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Banking | Communications | Education | Energy & Utilities | Government | Health Care | Hospitality | Insurance | Life Sciences | Manufacturing | Retail | Sports & Entertainment | Travel

Analytics | Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinSeptember 6, 2023 0

Model data from published summary statistics

There are many ways to model a set of raw data by using a continuous probability distribution. It can be challenging, however, to choose the distribution that best models the data. Are the data normal? Lognormal? Is there a theoretical reason to prefer one distribution over another? The SAS has

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Learn SAS

Alexis MallisSeptember 5, 2023 0

Optimize learning for sustained employee growth with these 5 tips

As the idea of professional growth has changed, organizations have shifted their approach to learning and development (L&D) for employees. This shift has focused on identifying employees’ training needs to focus on motivating and retaining top talent. Whether your organization recently adopted new software or you’re looking to improve your

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Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinAugust 30, 2023 0

Simulate the use of personal checks in the US

Does anyone write paper checks anymore? According to researchers at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (Greene, et al., 2020), the use of paper checks has declined 63% among US consumers since the year 2000. The researchers surveyed more than 3,000 consumers in 2017-2018 and discovered that only 7% of

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Advanced Analytics | Analytics | Data Management | Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Yinliang WuAugust 29, 2023 0

How to evaluate SAS expressions in PROC DS2 dynamically

Some readers read the article “how-to-evaluate-sas-expression-in-data-step-dynamically” and wonder if there is a same mechanism or functionality in DS2. As indicated in that article, SAS provides similar features in DATA step, PROC CAS and PROC Python, but some projects like ESP (Event Stream Processing) projects would store those expression definition in

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Analytics | Learn SAS

Rick WicklinAugust 23, 2023 0

Bootstrap predicted means by using PROC GLMSELECT

A previous article shows how to use the MODELAVERAGE statement in PROC GLMSELECT in SAS to perform a basic bootstrap analysis of the regression coefficients and fit statistics. A colleague asked whether PROC GLMSELECT can construct bootstrap confidence intervals for the predicted mean in a regression model, as described in

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Analytics | Learn SAS

Rick WicklinAugust 21, 2023 0

A simple way to bootstrap linear regression models in SAS

I've written many articles about bootstrapping in SAS, including several about bootstrapping in regression models. Many of the articles use a very general bootstrap method that can bootstrap almost any statistic that SAS can compute. The method uses PROC SURVEYSELECT to generate B bootstrap samples from the data, uses the

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Learn SAS | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinAugust 16, 2023 0

Add Unicode symbols and format text labels in SAS

It has been more than a decade since SAS 9.3 changed the default ODS destination from the old LISTING destination to more modern destinations such as HTML. One of the advantages of modern output destinations is support for Unicode symbols, superscripts, subscripts, and for formatting text by using boldface, italics,

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