Retailers face unprecedented challenges with supply chain volatility, inflation, oil price fluctuations, labor shortages and geopolitical activities, making it difficult to plan across the organization. With retail evolving, coupled with persistent supply chain issues, this adds complexity to anticipating and planning for shifts in consumer demand. The emergence of an
Tag: demand forecasting
データサイエンスの使いどころ・・・攻めと守りの圧倒的な違い 以前のブログで、データ活用における攻めと守りについてお話しました。今回は小売業を例に多くのデータ活用プロジェクトが陥りやすい罠と、真の目的達成のための方法についてご紹介します。 小売業の目的はもちろん他の業種企業と変わらず、収益の最大化です。昨今データ分析を武器として売り上げの最大化、コストの削減、業務プロセスの生産性向上を目指す企業が増えてきています。時には、データサイエンティストが、データサイエンスを駆使してプロジェクトを実行しているケースもあるでしょう。 ここで、今一度現在取り組んでいる、またはこれから取り組もうとしているデータサイエンスやAI活用のプロジェクトがどんな利益を自社にもたらすのかを改めて考えてみましょう。昨今、需要予測についての相談が非常に多いので、ここでは需要予測について考えてみます。 弊社にご相談いただくケースの中で、少なくない企業が、需要予測をこのブログで言うところの「守りの意思決定」としてとらえています。多くのケースで、過去の実績をベースに将来の需要を予測することで、在庫過多や欠品を減らそうというプロジェクトに投資をしていたり、しようとしています。言い換えると、過去の実績を学習データとして、将来を予測するモデルを構築し、ひとつの将来の需要予測を作成し、それを在庫を加味したうえで、発注につなげています。 手段が目的化することで見失う可能性のある本来の目的とは 非常に典型的なAI活用、データサイエンス活用かと思いますが、実は、「AIで予測」、「機械学習で予測」といった言葉で最新のデータ活用をしているかのような錯覚に陥っているケースが見受けられます。数十年前から行われており、昨今でも同様に行われている、機械学習を用いた典型的な需要予測は、「守り」です。すなわち、どんなに多くの種類のデータを使うかどうかにかかわらず、過去の傾向が未来も続くという前提のもとに予測モデルを作成している場合には、あらかじめ定義した前提・業務プロセスの制約の下で、機会損失を最小化するために予測精度をあげているにすぎません。 つまり、そのような前提での需要予測は、小売業の収益向上という観点では、期待効果が限定的であるということです。では、最終的な収益の最大化を実現するには、何をすべきでしょうか? 収益を向上させるためにはもちろんより多くの商品を売ることにほかなりません。より多くの商品を売るためには当然、顧客の購買心理における購買機会に対して販売を最大化する必要があります。あるいは、顧客の購買心理そのものを潜在的なものから顕在化したものにすることも必要でしょう。つまり、販売機会を最大限に活用するということは、店舗中心ではなく、顧客中心に考えるということです。 小売業における攻めのデータ活用の1つは、品ぞろえの最適化 このように、顧客中心に考えることで初めて最適な品揃えの仮説検証のサイクルが可能となります。過去のデータは、単に過去の企業活動の結果であり、世の中の「真理~ここでは顧客の本当の購買思考」を表しているわけではありません。真理への到達は、仮説検証ベースの実験によってのみ可能になります。わかりやすく言うと皆さんよくご存じのABテストです。このような実験により、品ぞろえを最適化することで、販売機会を最大化することが可能なります。そのプロセスと並行して、オペレーショナルな需要予測を実践していくことが重要となります。 需要予測と品ぞろえ最適化の進化 昨今、AIブーム、データサイエンティストブーム、人手不足や働き方改革といったトレンドの中で、従来データ活用に投資してこなかった小売業においても投資が進んでいます。しかし多くのケースでこれまで述べてきたような守りのデータ活用にとどまっていたり、古くから行われている方法や手法にとどまっているケースが見受けられます。歴史から学ぶことで、無用なPOCや効率の悪い投資を避けることができます。今、自社で行っていることがこの歴史の中でどこに位置しているかを考えてみることで、投資の効率性の向上に是非役立てていただければと思います。 小売業におけるデータ活用のROI最大化にむけたフレームワーク SASでは長年、小売業や消費財メーカのお客様とともにお客様のビジネスの課題解決に取り組んできました。その過程で、小売業・消費財メーカー企業内の個々の業務プロセスを個別最適するのではなく、それら個々の業務プロセスを統合した、エンタープライズな意思決定フレームワークが重要であるとの結論に至っています。AIやデータサイエンスという手段を活用し、データドリブンな意思決定のための投資対効果を最大化するための羅針盤としてご活用いただければと思います。
How can retailers start to navigate the current market volatility and risks and mitigate supply chain disruption?
Getting demand right – or getting it wrong – can have a significant impact on customer perceptions of your brand, particularly in this age of instant gratification. The need for agile, accurate demand planning has never been greater. Predicting forward-looking demand signals and shifting consumer demand patterns to recommend balanced, profitable commercial
Consumers are pulling back and shifting their purchases in the wake of inflationary pressures caused by high prices for fuel, freight costs, consumer goods and nonessential products. Demand is shifting faster than many retailers and consumer goods companies anticipated. Inflation continues to rise forcing consumer spending to shift once again
In today's environment, data is exceedingly important but also increasingly harder to get and manage. A reliable customer data platform (CDP) can provide significant value to retail and consumer packaged goods (CPG) companies. Customer data platforms are used to consolidate and integrate customer and consumer data into a single data source. CDP
Retail expert Charlie Chase recently participated in a private unplugged discussion about disruption challenges with retail executives hosted by the Retail Council of Canada. All quotes have been edited for maximum clarity, and participants have been de-identified. The last two years have created a major disruption for retailers and consumer
I was recently told that an organization had tried to implement AI for forecasting in supply chain but had failed due to poor data. This got me thinking about exactly what the impacts of poor data would be. And whether the approaches I had applied elsewhere could help. It's probably
The past 20 months of disruptions caused by COVID-19 have been a wake-up call for retailers and consumer goods companies. Unpredictable market trends have caused havoc with categories, brands and products making it harder to predict supply requirements. All of these changes have given rise to the need for consumption
Demand management concepts are now over 30 years old. The first use of the term "demand management" surfaced in the commercial sector in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Before that, the focus was on a more siloed approach to demand forecasting and planning that was manual and used simple
Thanks to COVID-19, companies have experienced how challenging it can be to plan and maneuver their supply chains around an unforeseen disruption. While the pandemic was a once-in-a-lifetime event (we hope), the unfortunate truth is that less severe events have overwhelmed or undermined demand and supply planning in the past
What if you had a technology solution that creates a real-time link between the customer demand signal and what's happening on the ground? What if plans that are being steered centrally could finally be connected to every shipping lane, while simultaneously, creating cost saving carrier adjustments? The first-of-its kind integration
Depending on who you talk to, you'll get varying definitions and opinions regarding demand sensing. Anything from sensing short-range replenishment based on sales orders, to the manual blending of point-of-sales (POS) data and shipments. But a key component for retailers and CPG companies is accurately forecasting short-term consumer demand to
Over the last 30 years, manufacturing in Romania has seen huge changes from a planned economy to a market-based one. It now has a very diverse manufacturing scene, with both large and small companies, and a wide range of products from steel through to finished goods. However, few manufacturers are
The retail sector has been in a state of change for many years now. Retailers have long been discussing the shift to online – or rather the correct balance between online and "bricks and mortar" – and how to cater to customers’ desire to use multiple channels for different parts
[Jessica Curtis and Adam Hillman, both Forecasting Advisors at SAS, were co-authors of this post] The world has been dramatically impacted by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Many of us are juggling a completely new lifestyle that was forced upon us overnight. As consumers find their way to a new normal,
Is it getting harder and harder to find empty Excel spreadsheets cells, as you run out of columns and rows? Do your spreadsheet cell labels have more letters than the license plate on your car? Do you find yourself waking up in the middle of the night in cold
Almost everyone enjoys a good glass of wine after a long day, but did you ever stop to wonder how the exact bottle you're looking for makes its way to the grocery store shelf? Analytics has a lot to do with it, as SAS demonstrated to attendees at the National
How do you explain flat-line forecasts to senior management? Or, do you just make manual overrides to adjust the forecast? When there is no detectable trend or seasonality associated with your demand history, or something has disrupted the trend and/or seasonality, simple time series methods (i.e. naïve and simple
“Quick response forecasting (QRF) techniques are forecasting processes that can incorporate information quickly enough to act upon by agile supply chains” explained Dr. Larry Lapide, in a recent Journal of Business Forecasting column. The concept of QRF is based on updating demand forecasts to reflect real and rapid changes in demand, both
Depending on who you speak with you will get varying definitions and opinions regarding demand sensing and shaping from sensing short-range replenishment based on sales orders to manual blending of point-of-sales (POS) data and shipments. Most companies think that they are sensing demand when in fact they are
Let me start by posing a question: "Are you forecasting at the edge to anticipate what consumers want or need before they know it?" Not just forecasting based on past demand behavior, but using real-time information as it is streaming in from connected devices on the Internet of Things (IoT).
Omnichannel Analytics are helping companies uncover patterns in big data to improve the customer experience. Using those insights, companies can anticipate what consumers are planning to purchase and influence that purchase in real time. Companies are experiencing unprecedented complexity as they look for growth and market opportunities. Their product portfolios are
Machine learning is taking a significant role in many big data initiatives today. Large retailers and consumer packaged goods (CPG) companies are using machine learning combined with predictive analytics to help them enhance consumer engagement and create more accurate demand forecasts as they expand into new sales channels like the
Inventory is a result of decisions. Inventory is not the problem... the problem is the decisions. I recently had an interesting conversation with the VP, Supply Chain at a leading global manufacturer. He is not happy with the results from the inventory optimization he is using. He was told inventory optimization
In a recent meeting, the CIO of a leading commercial automotive company’s shared his experience of high complexity in managing forecasting data. I was not surprised. Often demand planners complain about managing forecasting data. I can relate to where there are coming from. It’s due to the approach prescribed by their legacy
I realized a little while ago that I may have more loyalty cards and memberships than the average person. (And that I more actively prove my loyalty than the average person). But as anybody who has ever signed up to a mailing list or for a store card knows, having
While discussing ways and means to improve Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) and forecasting, many a time business executives ask “What can we do with social media?" This was definitely NOT a usual topic in S&OP forum just a few years back! Most of the time, I push back the
Profitable growth is at the forefront of manufacturing executives’ minds¹. The math is simple: increase revenue and decrease costs. Easy, right? Unfortunately, getting there isn't that simple. The good news is that analytics can help. The better news is that there’s a new place for manufacturers to discover analytic best
Downstream data have been electronically available on a weekly basis since the late 1980s. But most companies have been slow to adopt downstream data for planning and forecasting purposes. Let's look at why that is. Downstream data is data that originates downstream on the demand side of the value chain. Examples