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Learn SAS
Rick Wicklin 0
How the J function got its name

In linear algebra, the I symbol is used to denote an n x n identity matrix. The symbol J (or sometimes 1) is used to denote an n x p matrix of ones. When the SAS/IML language was implemented, the I function was defined to generate the identity matrix. The J function was defined

Data Visualization
Sanjay Matange 0
Percent VBar

Recently a reader chimed in with a question on the Do Loop article by Rick Wicklin on how to create a bar chart with percent statistics.  Rick used SAS 9.3  and the reader wanted to do the same with SAS 9.2. For the basic (non-grouped) bar chart, the process is the

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