![](https://blogs.sas.com/content/sgf/files/2017/03/extract-domain-specific-sentiment-lexicons04.png)
In 2011, Loughran and McDonald applied a general sentiment word list to accounting and finance topics, and this led to a high rate of misclassification. They found that about three-fourths of the negative words in the Harvard IV TagNeg dictionary of negative words are typically not negative in a financial