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Distribution of Lead Levels in Flint, Michigan, in 71 Water Samples

Rick WicklinMay 17, 2017 11

The April 2017 issue of Significance magazine features a cover story by Robert Langkjaer-Bain about the Flint (Michigan) water crisis. For those who don't know, the Flint water crisis started in 2014 when the impoverished city began using the Flint River as a source of city water. The water was

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Data Visualization

Perceived probabilities for word phrases

Rick WicklinMay 3, 2017 4

Perceptions of probability

If a financial analyst says it is "likely" that a company will be profitable next year, what probability would you ascribe to that statement? If an intelligence report claims that there is "little chance" of a terrorist attack against an embassy, should the ambassador interpret this as a one-in-a-hundred chance,

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Analytics | Data Visualization | Programming Tips

Rick WicklinApril 26, 2017 0

Visualize a design matrix

Most SAS regression procedures support a CLASS statement which internally generates dummy variables for categorical variables. I have previously described what dummy variables are and how are they used. I have also written about how to create design matrices that contain dummy variables in SAS, and in particular how to

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Analytics | Data Visualization

Rick WicklinApril 24, 2017 1

Visualize an ANOVA with two-way interactions

There are several ways to visualize data in a two-way ANOVA model. Most visualizations show a statistical summary of the response variable for each category. However, for small data sets, it can be useful to overlay the raw data. This article shows a simple trick that you can use to

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Data Visualization | Learn SAS

Rick WicklinApril 17, 2017 8

Visualize the 68-95-99.7 rule in SAS

A reader commented on last week's article about constructing symmetric intervals. He wanted to know if I created it in SAS. Yes, the graph, which illustrates the so-called 68-95-99.7 rule for the normal distribution, was created by using several statements in the SGPLOT procedure in Base SAS The SERIES statement

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Analytics | Data Visualization

Rick WicklinFebruary 20, 2017 48

The distribution of colors for plain M&M candies

Many introductory courses in probability and statistics encourage students to collect and analyze real data. A popular experiment in categorical data analysis is to give students a bag of M&M® candies and ask them to estimate the proportion of colors in the population from the sample data. In some classes,

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Advanced Analytics | Data Visualization

Rick WicklinJanuary 30, 2017 5

Automate the creation of a discrete attribute map

If you are a SAS programmer and use the GROUP= option in PROC SGPLOT, you might have encountered a thorny issue: if you use a WHERE clause to omit certain observations, then the marker colors for groups might change from one plot to another. This happens because the marker colors

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