![Compute bivariate ranks](https://blogs.sas.com/content/iml/files/2021/04/branks03-640x336.png)
Ranking is a fundamental concept in statistics. Ranks of univariate data are used by statisticians to estimate statistics such as percentiles (quantiles) and empirical distributions. A more advanced use is to compute various rank-based measures of correlation or association between pairs of variables. For example, ranks are used to compute