While many applications of Monte Carlo techniques use pseudorandom numbers, some applications that involve integrals are more accurate when you use quasirandom numbers, which, despite their names, are not random but are deterministic sequences of numbers. Many of these sequences are constructed by representing base-10 numbers in a different base.

In data analysis, sometimes we need to perform a preliminary task before we can analyze data. Often the task needs to be performed only once per session. For example, you might need to download or merge data prior to your analysis. Or you might need to define or load a