[…] The following DATA step simulates N random categorical values for the X variable. If p = {0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.3, 0.2} is a vector of probabilities, then the probability of generating the value i is p[i]. For example, the probability of generating a 3 is 0.2. Again, the program generates a random uniform variate and uses the cumulative probabilities ({0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8, 1}) as cutpoints to determine what value to assign to X, based on the value of u. (This is called the inverse CDF method.) …